What are the common types and names of fasteners?

Bolt: A type of fastener consisting of two parts, a head or a screw (cylinder with external thread), which needs to be matched with a nut to fasten and connect two parts with through holes. This type of connection is called bolt connection. If the nut is unscrewed from the bolt, the two parts can be separated, so the bolt connection is a detachable connection.
Stud: There is no head, only a type of fastener with external threads on both ends. When connecting, one end of it must be screwed into the part with internal threaded hole, and the other end must pass through the part with through hole, and then the nut is screwed on, even if the two parts are tightly connected as a whole. This type of connection is called a stud connection, which is also a detachable connection. It is mainly used where one of the connected parts has a large thickness, requires a compact structure, or is not suitable for bolt connection due to frequent disassembly.
Nut: with internal threaded hole, the shape is generally flat hexagonal column, there are also flat square column or flat cylinder, with bolts, studs or machine screws, used to fasten and connect two parts to make it one piece overall.
Screws: It is also a type of fasteners composed of two parts, a head or a screw, and can be divided into three categories according to the purpose-machine screws, set screws and special purpose screws. The machine screw is mainly used for the fastening connection between a part with an internal threaded hole and a part with a through hole, without the need of a nut (this connection form is called a screw connection, which is also a detachable connection; It can be matched with a nut to fasten the connection between two parts with through holes. The tightening screw is mainly used to fix the relative position between the two parts. The special purpose screw has a ring screw for hoisting parts.
Self-tapping screws: similar to machine screws, but the thread on the screw is a special self-tapping screw thread. It is used to fasten and connect two thin metal components into one piece. Small holes need to be made in the component in advance. Because this kind of screw has high hardness, it can be directly screwed into the hole of the component to make the component hole Corresponding internal threads are formed in the middle, and this connection form is also a detachable connection.
Washer: A type of fastener with an oblate shape. It is placed between the bearing surface of a bolt, screw or nut and the surface of the connected part to increase the contact surface area of ​​the connected part, reduce the pressure per unit area and protect the The surface of the connecting parts is not damaged; another type of elastic washer also plays a role in preventing the nut from returning to the structure
Combinations Combination screws: refers to a type of fastener supplied in combination, such as a combination of machine screws (or self-tapping screws) and flat washers (or spring washers, lock washers).

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